These are the 4 things you use to analyse the clip and answer the exam question. These 4 things will all help to construct the representation of the individual/group (the 7 areas of representation). It is your job to discuss how.
Camera Shots, Angle, Movement, Composition.
- Shots: establishing shot, master shot, close-up, mid-shot, long shot, wide shot, two-shot, aerial shot, point of view shot, over the shoulder shot, and variations of these.
- Angle: high angle, low angle, canted angle.
- Movement: pan, tilt, track, dolly, crane, steadicam, hand-held, zoom, reverse zoom.
- Composition: framing, rule of thirds, depth of field – deep and shallow focus, focus pulls.
Editing
Includes transition of image and sound – continuity and non-continuity systems.
- Cutting: shot/reverse shot, eyeline match, graphic match, action match, jump cut, crosscutting, parallel editing, cutaway; insert.
- Other transitions, dissolve, fade-in, fade-out, wipe, superimposition, long take, short take, slow motion, ellipsis and expansion of time, post-production, visual effects.
Sound
- Soundtrack: score, incidental music, themes and stings, ambient sound.
- Diegetic and non-diegetic sound; synchronous/asynchronous sound; sound effects; sound motif, sound bridge, dialogue, voiceover, mode of address/direct address, sound mixing, sound perspective.
Mise-en-Scène
- Production design: location, studio, set design, costume and make-up, properties.
- Lighting; colour design
You need to understand how specific representations of individuals, groups, events or places are created.
Particular areas of representation that may be chosen are:
- Gender
- Age
- Ethnicity
- Sexuality
- Class and status
- Physical ability/disability
- Regional identity.
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